What are MSK-NCDs?

Musculoskeletal Non-Communicable Diseases (MSK-NCDs) are long-term health conditions that affect the body’s musculoskeletal system, including muscles, bones, joints, and connective tissues. “Non-communicable” means that these conditions are not infectious and cannot be transmitted. In fact, they typically develop or worsen with age.

Globally, 1.7 billion people are affected, and conditions such as low back pain, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis are becoming increasingly common — especially among older adults. In Europe, where populations are rapidly ageing, MSK-NCDs pose a significant challenge for healthcare systems and society.

Common MSK-NCDs

Osteoarthritis – Degeneration of joint cartilage, leading to pain and stiffness
Rheumatoid arthritis – An autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of joint linings
Osteoporosis – A condition that weakens bones, increasing the risk of fractures
Fractures and injuries – Often the result of falls or weakened bones
Low back and neck pain – Common across all age groups, but particularly disabling in later life

The challenge of multimorbidity

MSK-NCDs often occur alongside other long-term conditions — a situation known as multimorbidity. When each condition is treated in isolation, care can become fragmented and less effective, resulting in poorer outcomes and increased strain on healthcare systems. As life expectancy rises, providing coordinated, holistic care is becoming increasingly important to maintain mobility, prevent complications, and support quality of life in older age.

The mental health dimension

Living with MSK-NCDs often means coping with persistent pain, reduced mobility, and a loss of independence — all of which can have a profound impact on mental health. Conditions like osteoarthritis and osteoporosis are often linked to feelings of depression, anxiety, and social isolation, especially in older adults. These mental health effects can, in turn, worsen physical symptoms, creating a cycle that is difficult to break. Addressing both the physical and psychological aspects of MSK-NCDs is, therefore, crucial for enhancing overall health and promoting long-term recovery.

Why does tackling MSK-NCDs matter?

Improving musculoskeletal health:

Helps older adults remain active and independent for longer
Reduces the need for long-term care and hospitalisation
Lowers healthcare costs associated with chronic conditions
Supports mental and emotional well-being
Enhances overall quality of life